Fengfuchuan Oilfield is a ultra⁃low permeability reservoir, pilot experiment of pre⁃water injection in Chang 2 reservoir began in 2002. In 2003, the development of water injection in the whole area was basically realized. However, the development effect of the whole area was not ideal. The comprehensive water content increased from 25.0% in the initial period to 92.0% in 2015, and entered the stage of ultra⁃high water cut period.The main problems faced in this area are that the phenomenon of fractured water flooding and water channeling is more serious, the water content of the oil well rises obviously, the output of a single well is low, and the output of the oil field decreases rapidly. In this paper, the geological of the whole area was recognized again. On the basis of fine comparison of single sand bodies, improvement of injection⁃production well nets and improvement of the corresponding degree of small⁃layers, the first one was to propose a large⁃area water injection on the whole area, a partial slow and gentle water injection to supplement the stratigraphic energy; the second one was to adopt two sets of injection⁃production patterns to realize stratified injection, expanded the original well spacing, and solved the inter⁃layer contradiction; the third one was to improve the single well production efficiency and improved the single well production to improve the development of the whole area.

Photoelectrocatalytic technology can provide an energy conservation and environmental protection way for environmental governance and chemical production. High efficient photoanodes materials are one of the challenges in the practical application of photoelectrocatalytic technique, therefore, high performance photoanode materials have been designed and developed for enhancing the application efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic technique. Fe2O3 has become a hot spot in the field of photocatalysis because of its narrow band gap, high stability and low price. In order to develop the high performance Fe2O3 photoanodes materials, many studies focused on the energy band position, conductivity and photogenerated the hole diffusion length. This review summarized the preparation techniques (hydrothermal method, spray pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, etc), modification methods (“junction” construction, doping, morphological control, ect) and modified hydrogen production of the Fe2O3 photoanodes materials, the challenges and opportunities in this promising research area were proposed.

The oxidation⁃extraction process was used to desulfurize of the visbreaking diesel oil, O3 was used as oxidant, formic acid was used as catalyst, and polar oxides such as sulfoxide and sulfone were extracted and separated from diesel oil by polar organic solvent. The effects of oxidation time, oxidation temperature, ratio of extractant to oil and amount of formic acid on the desulfurization rate of diesel oil in the reaction system were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The results showed that the sulfur content of visbreaking diesel oil decreased from 4 980 μg/g to 490 μg/g and the desulfurization rate was 90%. By comparing the properties of visbreaking diesel oil before and after oxidation, it can be concluded that the oxidation⁃extraction method can also improve the chromaticity and acidity of visbreaking diesel oil.

In this work, the cubic/hexagonal cadmium sulfide (c/h⁃CdS) heterojunction catalyst was successfully prepared by solid phase reaction with cadmium acetate and thioacetamide as raw materials.The synthesized catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and SPV. The activity of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was evaluated by using visible light as the light source. The effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of CdS was investigated, and the mechanism of the degradation process was discussed. The results suggest that with the increasing of calcination temperature, c⁃CdS is gradually changing to h⁃CdS. The c/h⁃CdS phase junction formed in the phase transition shows a higher photocatalytic activity than the pure c⁃CdS and h⁃CdS, and the appropriate six⁃square phase content is more beneficial to improve the photocatalytic performance of the heterogenous sample. The results of surface photovoltage show that the formation of heterojunction can significantly improve the photoelectron⁃hole separation efficiency, thus promoting the photocatalytic performance of c/h⁃CdS phase junction. In the experiment of the sacrificial agent, the active species in the CdS photocatalytic reaction is ·O2-.

ZSM⁃5 molecular sieve was used as carrier, cerium (Ce), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were used as active components to prepare metal⁃supported catalyst to catalyze ozonation treatment of phenol wastewater. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and characterized. The effects of active components, ozone dosage, catalyst concentration and pH on the treatment of phenol wastewater were investigated. The results showed that Ce⁃ZSM⁃5 had the best catalytic effect and COD removal rate under the conditions of pH=7, catalyst concentration of 1.00 g/L, ozone dosage of 44.0 mg/min and reaction time of 60 min. It is 85.74%. When Ce⁃ZSM⁃5 is added, about 80% of the ozone can be saved. It shows good stability which the COD removal ratio reached about 70% after the catalyst repeatedly used for 7 times.

       In order to minimize the loss of life and property caused by sudden marine oil spills, it was necessary to apply intellectual technology to marine oil spills management system, combining human wisdom and the wisdom of computer technology, wisdom marine oil spill management system was established. The basic concepts and technology development were introduced and the wisdom and intelligence technology would be applied to marine oil spill management system. The wisdom marine oil spill management was initially established to reduce or even avoid the occurrence of oil spills at sea, to protect the marine environment, and to achieve sustainable and healthy development of marine and depot business.

The flower-like CuS microspheres has been synthesized through elemental-direct-reaction at room temperture in the n (C₅H14ONCl)/ n (EG)=1 ∶ 2 based deep eutectic melt. The prepared CuS sample was characterized by XRD, EDS, SEM and so on, and the formation mechanism of flower-like CuS microspheres has been discussed. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) has been investigated by DTA technique. The results show that: the flower-like CuS microspheres has a good catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. The starting and ending decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate which added 2% CuS were decreased by 30 ℃ and 132 ℃ , respectively.

In this paper, MIL53(Fe) was prepared by solvothermal method under different sythetic conditions. The phase structure of samples were characterized by XRD, the morphology and particle size of samples were obtained by SEM, the ultraviolet visible light absorption of samples were explored by UVvis and the band gap energy of samples were calculated from the absorption data. The photocatalytic activities of the samples on Rhodanmine B degradation were investigated. The results show different photocatalytic effects for the samples prepared under different synthetic condition. Accordingly, photocatalytic effect of samples can be controlled through the variation of different synthetic conditions.

 

The silica sulfonic acid(SiO2-SO3H) sold acid catalysts was prepared with chlorosulfonic acid reacting with the silica prepared in sol-gel method. The catalyst was used for the transesterification of soybean and ethanol to form biodiesel. Experiments have proved that the yield of ethyl esters reached over 95.6% under the condition: treatment of catalyst at 120 ℃, molar ratio of ethanol and oil is 6∶1, the mass fraction of catalyst in oil 5.0%, the mass fraction of heptane in oil 30.0% and refluxe time 6.0 h. The results show that the catalyst so prepared has a better adaptability than the solid bases catalysts to the acidity of raw oil.

Nano-TiO2 sample was prepared with sol - gel to explore the effect of precursor and solvent on the phase transition of Nano-TiO2 in the preparation. The results show that the beginning temperature of the phase transition is lower when nano-TiO2 is prepared with Ti(OBu)4 than that with TTIP. It is also found that the temperature of the phase transformation of TiO2 varies when different solvents are used, that of phase transition from anatase to Rutile being: t(glycol)<t(methanol)<t(ethanol)<t(butanol).

With Ti(OBu)4 as precursor, nanoTiO2 particle was prepared by Sol-Gel method. The temperature of phase transition was studied under different conditions. The results showed that， the beginning temperature of the phase transition is lower when nanoTiO2 was prepared at lower pH value. When vacuum dry was used, the phase transformation was inhibited obviously. However, the phase transformation was accelerated when infrared dry was used.

A new process-high-load activated sludge (HAS) process is reported for the treatment of municipal wastewater in medium and small cities. The marked characteristics of HAS process are no primary sedimentation basin, high-load, low resident time, good sludge-settlement ability, and no sludge swell. The removing methods of the organic pollutants are mainly of flocculation, adsorption and precipitation. The full-scale test results show that the average removal efficiency of the process is 68% for COD, 65% for BOD5, 86% for SS, 24% for TKN, 20% for TP. The effluent can meet "Standards for Irrigation Water Quality"（GB5084-92）. HAS process can reduce investment, operating cost and area.